RE: Actif

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Micron Will Ship 3D Flash Memory

http://www.forbes.com/sites/tomcoughlin/2016/02/12/micron-will-ship-3d-flash-memory/

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Google I/O 2010 - Keynote Day 2 Android Demo, pt. 1

SaaS as a software protection strategy

02 October 2009

Source: http://www.extranetevolution.com/extranet_evolution/

Reading WorldCAD Access and The CAD Industry blogs this morning, I learned about the latest developments in a court case brought by Autodesk to stop an eBay trader, Tim Vernor, from selling second-hand CAD software. Ignoring the complex issues relating to copyright, it occurred to me that other software vendors are already side-stepping such issues by delivering their software as a service.

Instead of distributing disks or enabling software downloads to users' local machines, hosting the application 'in the cloud' and allowing users to access the solution and its related data via the internet effectively prevents any end-user from gaining access to the underlying software code. This wasn't a vendor benefit that I had previously identified as inherent to the SaaS model, but alongside the other advantages of SaaS - faster development and testing, easier deployment, quicker upgrades or patching, economies of scale, more efficient support, etc - perhaps protection of the vendor's intellectual property should also be another reason to embrace the SaaS approach.

The elusive mobile business model

Sep 1, 2009

Experts have identified numerous business models that could work for different segments of the mobile industry. However, too many people still find ways to get it wrong, writes Christopher Backeberg...
Businessweek mobile business model


"If only there were an app that showed media companies how to make money on the iPhone," reads the start of a recent article in the New York Times. "They know they need to have an app for the iPhone, so they create appealing ones loaded with features. Yet it is far from clear how much revenue media apps for the iPhone can produce."

It's difficult to discern a practical business plan, or even any plan at all, behind most of the tens of thousands of apps available from the Apple App Store. As the New York Times notes, developers are trying to devise business models by trial and error. Should they use subscription models or advertising models? Does the app appear likely to generate a continuing revenue stream or is it better suited to a one-time payment model?

It could even be better not to look for any significant revenue from some of the winning apps. Some major media companies treat their apps as promotional tools rather than money-spinners, using them primarily to gain exposure for their brand.

How does one select an appropriate business model (BM), and not just for apps but for any potentially profitable mobile undertaking? It's not a bad idea to begin by dispelling some false notions about mobile marketing.

Myths and misconceptions

iLoop Mobile has summarised some of the mistaken beliefs about strategies and tactics that could be applied to leverage the mobile channel:

* The mobile channel is not effective for marketing: False; the mobile phone has become a significant channel for communications and content
* Mobile is exclusively a youth marketing channel: False; the average age of people who use text messaging is over 30, and increasing numbers of older people are making use of the other benefits that mobile offers
* Mobile marketing is intrusive and unwanted: False; mobile operator regulations and industry best practices are steadily winning ground for opt-in marketing that users actually welcome.
* You need an opt-in database for mobile: False; opt-in experiential marketing and brand interactivity lead to a win-win situation for consumers and brands
* Mobile marketing exploits cutting-edge, sexy technology: False; it's about applying sensible strategies and tactics. It's human, not mechanical. As iLoop says about gimmicky technology: "Just because you can do it doesn't mean you should do it."

How to get it wrong

BMs have to be thought out meticulously from conception to post-launch follow-up. Of course it helps if the BM is being applied to a sensible product.

"Judge not lest ye be judged." OK, we'll step aside and let others pass judgement on some ventures that may defy all attempts to monetise them!

Steven Walling at ReadWrite Enterprise was unimpressed by TwoTweet, a shopping cart service closely integrated with Twitter. It lets customers "reply to buy."

Walling wrote: "Relying on the unstable and insecure platform that is Twitter may be the dumbest business decision you ever make. You can only sell one item at a time with the system. But even for very small businesses, this is a dangerous venture. Allowing access to an ecommerce environment with your social network as an identity provider is a supremely bad idea."

And Daily Technology News was profoundly unmoved by VisionQuest Carfinder, a $20 app that will find your car in a parking lot... but it needs a combination of Blackberry and an in-car Bluetooth device that automatically feeds the GPS coordinates of your car's location into your Blackberry. The writer commented: "I can mark my car's position with all manner of GPS apps," including free ones.

Twelve paths to monetisation

If you do have a product worth selling there are many ways to market it. A few years ago Helen Keegan, MD and founder of UK mobile marketing agency BeepMarketing, identified 12 workable BMs for the mobile industry. These models are still fully valid.

1. Ad funded content: offer extra air time, free ring tones, games or some other incentive in exchange for the customer agreeing to accept mobile advertising
2. Mobile advertising: Site owners who use the services of agencies such as AdMob can make money by offering pay-per-click advertising from their sites without having to find advertisers themselves
3. Sponsored SMS: Offer ad space below the directory enquiries text messages at a low cost per thousand. Keegan noted that this isn't highly effective because there is no obvious targeting
4. Sell your list: Selling your database to any willing buyer is a mucky business. Keegan said: "There are lots of data protection hoops to jump through - and rightly so. If you've structured your terms and conditions properly you'll have permission to send messages on behalf of third parties, but that the data can't leave your hands"
5. Branded content: Tying in a trusted brand may seem to imply greater sales potential but this doesn't automatically follow. Some content creators pay a burdensome licensing fee or sign away revenue for the privilege of using the brand name, and the brand owner may not add any marketing support
6. Sponsored content: Find a big brand sponsor to fund your app, or whatever, and you may get to ride on the sponsor's marketing
7. Off-the-page promotion: A revenue share deal in which the content company pays the publisher for each customer acquired
8. Subscription model: Offer a service for a fixed regular fee. "If you get it right, it's a very profitable way to monetise your business," Keegan commented
9. Wholesale: Syndication of your content or product to a network operator, media owner, content aggregator or app store. Be aware that the extended value chain reduces your profits
10. Retail: Going direct to consumer (d2c) requires building your brand and trust. You're responsible for the marketing and distribution
11. Don't have a business model: Huh? Well, there are successful Internet businesses that didn't have a BM when they started, and it could also happen in mobile - but Keegan warns that the successes will be few and the failures will be many

It doesn't end there. For even more, Stephen N. Ulanoski, former senior VP and GM - Telematics Solutions, GE Capital, will include the “data as a service” business model in his presentation at MetaPlaces09.

That's a sampling of BMs for the industry in general. What of the options for specific segments?

Making money from apps

Del Daix wrote in the San Jose Media Industry Examiner: "First, choose a mobile application development platform. Don't get yourself locked down.

"What type of mobile app? Games are always on top of the list of apps people are downloading, followed closely by professional tools and helpful local tools."

Daix has some sage advice about going where the current market is thronging: "Write an app Apple will like, a way of using their phone nobody thought of before."

According to Daix the most difficult step in any marketing plan is creating awareness of your offering. She says: "Aim to get your app featured at the top of the list in the app store. A featured app is guaranteed a tenfold increase in download rate." Of course this may be much easier said than done.

One of the most critical steps in the BM is deciding on a price for your product - or if you should even charge for it! According to Daix, the most common approach evident in the Apple App Store is "free app today, let's see tomorrow." When the app starts taking off, you may start charging users for premium services or a subscription. For games, with their shorter lifetime, an upfront payment is more common.

Four models for operators

An Advertisement-based Platform Business Model for Mobile Operators is a serious academic paper but it is not overly technical and may be well worth downloading. Its authors describe four BMs for networks, including one that hasn't seriously started yet.

* Telco-centric model: As followed by the Vodafone Live! platform. "It places the majority of roles within a real-life stakeholder, the telecom carrier, which acts as portal provider, service aggregator, network operator and platform operator"
* Device-centric model: For example, the iPhone. The main service platform is incorporated in or tied together with the mobile device
* Aggregator-centric model: Favoured by Facebook Mobile. This BM expands on the concept of using a service portal to disclose services - the service aggregator takes over the role of portal provider, independently of the mobile network operator
* Service-centric model: This is still largely a theoretical model for now, based partly on plans and models surrounding Google's Open Social initiative in offering APIs for social networking applications

Morgan Gillis, executive director, LiMo, will be speaking at MetaPlaces09 on the best models to provide operator-centric services.

Monetising a mobile site

Briefly, mobiForge suggests there are two primary ways that Internet advertising can help with a mobile web site:

* Driving traffic to your site with paid-for ads or keywords on other sites and search engines
* Embedding ads on your own site to monetise traffic from your own users

mobiForge adds that AdMob, the biggie of mobile advertising, follows the second of these two routes by using a revenue model based on cost-per-click.

To sum up...

According to Rebecca Wettemann, VP at Nucleus Research, a compelling BM for mobile technology relies on identifying the key benefits of the product or service, then deploying it to ensure maximum returns.

Wettemann elaborates: "Instead of a lengthy laundry list of 20 to 30 benefits, focus on the two or three most important gains you hope to achieve. These include increased productivity, reduction in administrative or communication costs, and improved efficiencies."

She adds that you need to assess the project by "breadth" (how many people will be helped by the application) and "repeatability" (frequency of application use). This approach is aimed at maximising the benefits, not minimising your costs.

Business models and mobile marketing topics will come under scrutiny at MetaPlaces09.

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The 6th International Conference on Innovation in Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC)

The AE Department will host the 6th International Conference on Innovation in Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) from June 9-11, 2010, as part of the activities to mark 100 years of architectural engineering at Penn State. Organized in collaboration with the Centre for Innovative and Collaborative Engineering at Loughborough University, UK, the conference will provide an excellent international forum for celebrating innovative research and industry developments in AEC.

It is intended that Thursday, June 10, 2010, will focus on industry-related topics and issues. It will feature industry-oriented presentations and discussion panels, and industry practitioners will be particularly welcome.

State College, Pennsylvania: June 9-11, 2010

More info: http://www.engr.psu.edu/ae/AEC2010/index.asp

Techworld.com - Microsoft to offer voice command with mobiles

Techworld.com - Microsoft to offer voice command with mobiles

New version of Windows Mobile to feature Tellme technology

Nancy Gohring, IDG news service
29 April 2009

Microsoft is set to introduce a speech-recognition application for the forthcoming Windows Mobile upgrade. The company plans to announce a new service that will work on Windows Mobile 6.5 devices and will let people speak into the phone to search the Internet, make phone calls and dictate text messages.

The technology comes from Tellme, a company acquired by Microsoft in 2007. Key to the offering is a dedicated button that launches the service on the phone, said Marcello Typrin, director of product management for Tellme. To make it really easy to use, the service should be accessible from a single point, he said. That compares to the iPhone experience, where users must navigate to the apps page and open the Google Mobile App to use a similar voice-activated search service.

In addition, the Tellme application is about more than just search. Windows Mobile 6.5 users will be able to say "call" and a name, and the phone will automatically dial a name from the address book. Users can also say "text," and then dictate a message that will be converted to text and then sent.

Otherwise, if users just start speaking, the technology will automatically search for the words.

The Tellme service will automatically be set to use Microsoft's Live Search, but people will be able to change it to use another search provider if they want to, Typrin said. "We don't want to force someone onto a search engine they don't want to use," he said.

Windows Mobile customers can already use voice commands with Live Search, but the Tellme application adds the text and voice call features and pulls all three into a single, easily accessible service.

While customers may need to push fewer buttons to launch the service, they have to push buttons more often while using the service than do their iPhone-using counterparts. With the Tellme text application, for example, users hit the button before they start speaking their message and hit it again when they're done speaking. By contrast, the Google Mobile App automatically starts listening when the user moves the phone to the ear and then stops when the user is finished speaking.

The offering will come free with Windows Mobile 6.5, the next generation of the operating system that is scheduled to start appearing on phones in the second half of the year, but it's up to the phone maker to include it. Microsoft doesn't intend to make the service exclusive to Windows Mobile phones, so other platforms may start using it in the future, Typrin said.

The application will also become available in Microsoft's forthcoming mobile application marketplace, so people who buy Windows Mobile 6.5 phones that don't come pre-loaded with the capability will be able to download it later. If they do, they'll follow instructions to assign the Tellme function to a specific button on the phone. They could, for example, set up the service so that pressing and holding the Windows button that comes on most Windows Mobile phones will activate the service..

This article was printed from Techworld : www.techworld.com
The UK's infrastructure & network knowledge centre
© 2009 : All rights reserved

CSI - Context Sensitive Intelligence

CSI - Context Sensitive Intelligence

Context Sensitive Intelligence

Software-Development for Adaptation

Project Goals

In the CSI project we research towards an infrastructure for context-driven software adaptation. Our two foci are: support developers in building adaptive software, support end-users with intelligent self-adaptive software.

Organisation

CSI is funded by the Deutsche Telekom Laboratories.
The project started in autumn 2004 and runs until autumn 2007.

Motivation

In a world which is more and more provided with pervasive computing, end-users of mobile devices face an increasing complexity in using available, computer-assisted services in many different contexts. The users' mobile devices have to be adaptive to changing situations and requirements in a preferably automatic and user-friendly way. The developer needs a highly-flexible framework which enables users to make use of basic functionalities and provides service-providers with an easily extensible architecture to facilitate the development of new services.

Research Questions

• How should we model context?
• What kind of software adaptations are required?
• How should context changes be mapped to software adaptation needs?
• Which software technologies serve the demands for implementing adaptability most appropriately?

Publications

• M. Appeltauer, R. Hirschfeld, T. Rho: Dedicated Programming Support for Context-aware Ubiquitous Application UBICOMM 2008: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Mobile Ubiquitous Computing, Systems, Services and Technologies, vol. , IEEE Computer Society Press, Valencia, Spain, 2008
• H. Mügge, P. Bihler, M. Schmatz, A.B. Cremers: Context and Situation as Enablers for Multi-Modal Interaction in Mobile Games. HCI 2008 Workshop: Evaluating Player Experiences in Location Aware Games, Liverpool, 2008 [pdf]
• H. Mügge, K.-H. Lüke and M. Eisemann: Potentials and Requirements of Mobile Ubiquitous Computing for Public Transport. In Proceedings of the UbiLog Workshop at Informatik 2007, Bremen, 2007 [pdf]
• P. Bihler and H. Mügge: Supporting Cross-Application Contexts with Dynamic User Interface Fusion. In Proceedings of the MoBe Workshop at Informatik 2007, Bremen, 2007 [pdf]
• P. Bihler, F. Schulz, H. Mügge: SmartDiscuss - Moderation Tool-Support for Face-to-Face Discussions. Poster at the 10th European Conference on Computer Supported Co-operative Work (ECSCW'07), Limerick, Ireland, 2007 [abstract as pdf]
• J. Kuck and M. Gnasa: Context-Sensitive Service Discovery meets Information Retrieval. In Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom 2007), White Plains, NY, USA, 2007
• J. Kuck and F. Reichartz: A collaborative and featurebased approach to ContextSensitive Service Discovery WWW Conference 2007,Workshop: MobEA V- Mobile Web in the developing world
• H. Mügge, T. Rho and A.B. Cremers: Integrating Aspect-Orientation and Structural Annotations to Support Adaptive Middleware. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Middleware-Application Interaction at EuroSys Conference, Lisbon, 2007 [pdf]
• H. Mügge, T. Rho, D. Speicher, P. Bihler, A.B. Cremers: Programming for Context-based Adaptability – Lessons learned about OOP, SOA, and AOP, Workshop Selbstorganisierende, Adaptive, Kontextsensitive verteilte Systeme, Bern, 2007 [pdf]
• P. Bihler, G. Kniesel: Seamless Cross-Application Workflow Support by User Interface Fusion. Workshop on Multiple and Ubiquitous Interaction Aarhus, Denmark, 28-30 March 2007 [pdf]
• T. Rho, M. Schmatz, A.B. Cremers: Towards Context-Sensitive Service Aspects. European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming 2006. Workshop on Object Technology for Ambient Intelligence , Nantes [pdf]
• H. Mügge, T. Rho, D. Speicher, J. Kuck, A.B. Cremers: Towards an Infrastructure for Context-Sensitive Intelligence. Workshop Selbstorganisierende, Adaptive, Kontextsensitive verteilte Systeme, Kassel, 2006 [pdf]
• Mügge H., Rho T., Winandy M., Won M., Cremers A.B., Costanza P., Englert R.: Towards Context-Sensitive Intelligence, In: R. Morrison and F. Oquendo (Eds.): EWSA 2005, LNCS 3527, pp. 231–238, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005 [pdf]

Further Information

You are welcome to ask for details. Please contact Holger Mügge.

What is Interaction-Design.org?

Interaction-Design.org

This website is all about making research accessible. We deal mainly with the human-centered aspects of IT product development: Interaction Design, Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), Design, Human Factors, Usability, Information Architecture, and related fields.

We make research accessible through our 4 sections:

This website is all about making research accessible. We deal mainly with the human-centered aspects of IT product development: Interaction Design, Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), Design, Human Factors, Usability, Information Architecture, and related fields.

1. a free, open-content, peer-reviewed Encyclopedia interlinked with our bibliography
2. a comprehensive, editable (but peer-reviewed) bibliography which includes the most authoritative publications in the above-mentioned disciplines
3. a conference calendar, which is used on several other websites through our ICAL interface.
4. "misDesigns" - a new rhetorical vehicle, which ties research themes to short, simple, and funny examples of defective designs.

We believe in Open Content and use the Creative Commons Copyright Licences, which makes the content of this website in effect the property of our community, not of this specific website.

Hybrid positioning technologies are getting traction

Hybrid positioning technologies are getting traction

Hybrid positioning technologies are getting traction

Many new LBS applications such as social networking, local search, pedestrian and mass transit navigation or geo-tagging are expected to be used in places such as indoor or urban canyons where GPS takes forever to have a fix - or never does. Therefore, alternative and hybrid positioning technologies such as Wi-Fi and Cell-ID will become increasingly important to offer a smooth experience to consumers.

“Users expect a seamless and transparent location experience regardless of application or environment,” says ABI Research director Dominique Bonte. “Since no single positioning technology can provide this, the future will be about hybrid positioning systems, combining A-GPS, Cell-ID, Wi-Fi, cellular, motion sensors, and even TV broadcast and proximity technologies such as Bluetooth, NFC and RFID. A-GPS, Wi-Fi and Cell-ID will be the winning combination offering accuracy, availability, interoperability and short fix times at low cost. It will represent 25% of all positioning solutions by 2014. Stand-alone Cell-ID and/or Wi-Fi will remain important in regions with low GPS handset penetration.“

Step by step this market is taking shape. Two announcements made last week are demonstrating it.
First, Skyhook Wireless, the leader in the Wi-Fi positioning space (the Boston-based company powers the iPhone), has upgraded its SDK to include Android support, as well as hybrid positioning (GPS+Cell-ID+Wi-Fi) which offers a comprehensive solution to software developers willing to add location to their mobile applications.

Second, the German software and service provider Spotigo announced that its WiFi-based Positioning Solution (“WiPS”) is now available in more than 25 countries. “The most important cities in countries like the United States, Germany, UK, Spain, France, Russia, India, Korea, etc. are covered significantly already”, said Spotigo in a statement. “We are looking forward to being able to provide a world-wide service within the next few months,” said Daniel Prümers, CEO of Spotigo.

Navizon’s community
In addition to these public announcements, New-York City-based Navizon has been harnessing the power of its community which nowadays counts over 800,000 members. Indeed, while Skyhook Wireless relies on a fleet of paid drivers that build a Wi-Fi map database, Navizon relies on its members who automatically report and update new Wi-Fi hotspots around the world. Moreover, some of these users are getting money in doing that, because Navizon choosed to reward its most active users. As a result, Navzon has built a decent Wi-Fi and cell-ID data map for cities in emerging or developing markets such as Moscow, St Petersburg, San Paolo, Istanbul, Bangalore or Johannesburg. It might take months - if not years - to Skyhook to get there. But the Boston-based company has the advantage to set its database mapping priority on its own and to have a tighter control over the data.

Google and Microsoft
Google has been building its own reference databases of cell-tower and/or Wi-Fi hotspot locations (called MyLocation) via user-generated content and/or self-learning mechanisms, and is offering it for free to developers. However, Google does not offer any service level agreement, does not disclose its coverage and has loose privacy rules. Microsoft is also starting to show interest in hybrid positioning technologies. Last week the Redmond- based corporation integrated cell tower triangulation into its Live Search Mobile application. It would not be surprising to see Microsoft interested in Wi-Fi positioning too.

If we look at the market as a whole, wireless operators are slowly but surely giving away their primacy over their customer’s location data, now offered as a web service by a wide variety of providers. The range of these providers is growing but there is however a strong barrier of entry: the gathering of Cell-ID and Wi-Fi data on a worldwide scale.

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Tuesday 20th January 2009

Ludovic Privat

Home Page of John H. Saunders, Ph.D. Professor in Information Systems Technology

Home:

Computer Supported Collaborative Work Decision Support Systems Human Computer Interface Information Security Information Technology Projects and Field Study Intelligent Systems & Knowledge Management Management Information Systems Simulation & System Dynamics

Augmented-reality city guide application for Android

More info: http://www.mobilizy.com/

Mobilizy - Wikitude AR Travel Guide

Mobilizy - Wikitude AR Travel Guide
WIKITUDE - AR TRAVEL GUIDE
AUGMENTED REALITY ON THE ROAD

Wikitude is a mobile travel guide for the Android platform based on location-based Wikipedia content. It is a handy application for planning a trip or to find out about landmarks in your surroundings; 350,000 world-wide points of interest may be searched by GPS or by address and displayed in a list view, map view or cam view.
Simpel Search

Wikitude AR is a Top-50 finalist in Google's Android Developer Challenge . Wikitude has been launched along with the G1 phone in October 2008 and is now available in the Android Market.
Map View
SEARCH
POINTS OF INTEREST

Search 350,000 world-wide points of interests based on your current GPS location and address. To get started as easily as possible, two search options have been provided:

- Simple Search allows users to initiate a search just by pressing "Start Search"
- Advanced Search offers users additional search options (category, distance, and search term)
Wikitude for android - Sightseeing in Sevilla
MAP, LIST, ...
SEARCH RESULTS MAY BE VIEWED ON A MAP ...

Search results are displayed on a map (normal or satellite mode) as orange dots. There is a text bubble containing a short description next to the selected point of interest.
Map View
... AND CAMERA
SEARCH RESULTS MAY BE VIEWED ON THE PHONE'S CAMERA SCREEN

The truly compelling feature is the augmented reality cam view, users may hold the phone’s camera against a spectacular mountain range and see the names and heights displayed as overlay mapped with the mountains in the camera. Users may look out of an airplane window to see what is down there. Users may walk through a city like Seville, Spain, holding the phone’s camera against a building and Wikitude tells what it is.

Expert: Jonna Häkkilä

Jonna Häkkilä

Jonna Häkkilä

Team Leader, User Experience
Oulu, Finland
Contact

About Jonna Häkkilä

I am team leader of User Experience Team at Smart Spaces Laboratory, Nokia Research Center, Finland. Prior to that role, I have been working in various units at Nokia since 2001, mainly with usability in product development. I received my PhD in 2007 at University of Oulu, Finland, and my thesis considered usability issues with context-aware mobile applications. I spent part of my post graduate study time at Griffith University, Australia, with prof. Liisa von Hellens (2003), and at Carnegie Mellon University, US, with prof. Anind Dey (2006). I have MSc in physics from University of Oulu (2000). My hobbies include snowboarding, skiing and science fiction.

Jonna Häkkilä research interests

My research interests are wide and versatile, and mostly to do with mobile computing and ubicomp - they include e.g. mobile multimedia, usability aspects of context-awareness, mobile user culture, and women and technology. Currently, my team is doing user experience research on emotional interaction, location-awareness, mobile wellness, and adaptive user interfaces. What I love in my job is to explore and try out new ideas, and to see how they are refined from original drafts to usable applications.

Cisco Context-Aware Mobility Service: Put Your Assets in Motion [Context-Aware Mobility Solution] - Cisco Systems

Cisco Context-Aware Mobility Service: Put Your Assets in Motion [Context-Aware Mobility Solution] - Cisco Systems

Cisco Context-Aware Mobility Service: Put Your Assets in Motion

Downloads Cisco Context-Aware Mobility Service: Put Your Assets in Motion

How Contextual Information Can Drastically Change Your Business Mobility and Allow You to Achieve Unprecedented Efficiency

What You Will Learn

Context-aware mobility-the ability to capture and integrate into business processes detailed contextual information about things such as location, temperature, the availability of an asset, and applications used-is fast becoming the next level of true enterprise mobility. With the Cisco® Context-Aware Mobility solution, mobile users can go beyond simple anytime, anywhere connectivity to automatically having the right device, the right application, and the right environment while on the go. They will now be able to answer business-critical questions about both mobile assets and the users of those assets, and hence directly improve their organization's profitability.

This solution overview introduces the different technologies requires to deliver context-aware mobility. It also explains and provides examples on how the Cisco solution can be deployed to empower their mobile workers by providing them with unprecedented insight into corporate assets.

Challenges

Today over 10 million subscribers are using location-based services. However, with more than 300 million subscribers expected by the end of 2011, the technology and its market adoption are clearly at a tipping point. Considering that location is only one of the many contextual parameters your business can gather about mobile assets-others include environmental temperature or humidity, or whether an asset is static or in motion-the potential for intelligently coordinating those assets and increasing business efficiency is tremendous.

But to deliver a full context-aware mobility experience, several challenges have to be overcome. Indeed, collecting information for each mobile asset manually is time consuming, introduces errors and delays, and cannot scale with an ever-increasing number of assets, such as laptops, smartphones, tagged wheelchairs and infusion pumps in hospitals, as well as pallets and hand tools in plants or sticker applicators in retail stores. In addition, business processes often encompass multiple networks such as Wi-Fi, outdoor mesh, cellular, or GPS, and retrieving information from disparate networks increases the chance of losing some information or adding delay to the information exchange process. Because of these limitations, business applications that should follow mobile workers usually do not have access to the relevant information at the right time and from the right place. The only alternatives today are costly, tailor-made adapters developed by application integrators. Such adapters cannot encompass all the possible combinations and need to be updated every time a change is introduced in one of the networks, APIs, or devices.

Finally, to fully benefit from contextual information about mobile assets, several technologies have to be used simultaneously and in complementary ways. For instance, to automate the capture of information of information about an asset, the processes that collect the information need to be always active. Information capture has to happen throughout the whole business process and across all the wireless networks involved, regardless of the different technologies involved. A fully automated system makes a more comprehensive set of data available, especially as compared to manual records that are usually limited to a few basic parameters.

Context-Aware Mobility Defined

A context-aware mobility Solution is the ability to capture contextual information via wireless devices and networks and to analyze it and use it in order to mobilize business applications either by updating inputs in real time and by optimizing the user interface for the working environment. Thanks to Cisco's Context-Aware Mobility Solution, mobile workers can make better decisions and corporations can have more comprehensive and accurate insight into their business.

Contextual information should be collected for any mobile asset involved in a business process, and this includes not just devices and products but also people. For instance, a mobile asset can be a worker, a customer, or a patient, or it can be a pallet of finished goods, a vehicle, a work in progress on a conveyor belt, a chemical substance flowing in a pipe, a pouch filled with blood or medication, or medical equipment like infusion pump and wheelchairs.

The data collected about the mobile asset may include its identification information (for example, its radio frequency ID [RFID]), the date and the time of the day, its physical location, the surrounding temperature, humidity, or pressure, if the asset is in motion or not, and any other information relevant to business processes and applications.

Figure 1 summarizes some of the kinds of contextual information that can be collected and the benefits to end users.

Figure 1. Context-Aware Mobility Solution Logic

This information is captured over a wireless network. If the mobile asset is a wireless device like a laptop or a phone, the information will be directly sent from the device radio module over Wi-Fi, cellular, or any other technology. When the mobile asset does not have a radio capability, wireless tags can be attached to it to collect the parameters needed. Some advanced parameters such as temperature, pressure, humidity or motion require a sensor to be present on the wireless tag or device itself.

Once collected and stored, an intelligent mechanism analyzes the sensor data and defines rules to give the relevant information to the right business process in order to deliver a true mobile experience for the user.

As an example, consider the following scenario: An alert is sent to the IT team as the wireless sensor on laptop L, running in building A, registered abnormal temperatures. When the member of the IT team arrives in building A, his or her mobile device automatically opens a map of building A and helps locate L. Once the IT staff member is close enough to L, the associated case report appears on the screen, accelerating the process and reducing the chance for error. If in the meanwhile, another IT case opens and is located in building A, the same IT staff member is notified. Thus the contextual information is used to optimize the team's resources and speed up resolution of the problem. The result is increased customer satisfaction.

The Technologies Used to Deliver Context-Aware Mobility

Typically, several wireless networks have to be used during execution of the same business process and thus for the same context-aware mobility solution. As the most widely adopted wireless technology is Wi-Fi or wireless LAN (WLAN), we will provide more use cases for it, but Wi-Fi mesh, WiMAX, cellular, or GPS networks can also be used when devices, tags, and sensors with the proper radios are available, as shown in Figure 2. A variety of context-aware technical solutions using Wi-Fi or other wireless networks can be deployed running standalone or simultaneously. For detailed information about other context-aware technical solutions in addition to Wi-Fi, see the following white paper: The technologies behind a Context-Aware Mobility Solution.

Wi-Fi is often the wireless network used because of its high penetration rate in corporations and the wide availability of devices with Wi-Fi radios. Wireless devices, tags, or sensors send the contextual information they collected via WLAN, and the network, in turn, uses these signals to calculate the location of the assets. The algorithms used vary depending on the RF environment and the accuracy needed for a specific application. For indoor applications, algorithms are often based on received signal strength indication (RSSI). For outdoor or high ceiling environments such as warehouses, time difference of arrival (TDoA) is often most appropriate.

Figure 2. Different Context-Aware Technologies

The location of a mobile asset is not always the information relevant to the business application. In many cases, business processes need to know only if an asset is in or out of a zone (room, parking place, and so on). Chokepoints can be used to define a zone, monitor it, and immediately send alerts to the appropriate applications as wireless tags enter or leave the zone.

Sensor capabilities can be directly embedded into tags in order to link the data captured (for instance, motion or temperature data) with the location of the mobile asset, but this is not mandatory. Sensors can also be placed in fixed locations like a refrigerator or a storage room.

Cisco Context-Aware Mobility Solution

As Figure 3 illustrates, the Cisco Context Mobility Solution can support all the technologies just described in a modular way to adapt to customer needs.

Figure 3. Cisco Context-Aware Mobility Solution

The different components of the Cisco Context-Aware Mobility Solution are:

• Mobile assets that can be devices or tags manufactured by Cisco technology partners.

– Devices: Any Wi-Fi device that connects to the WLAN can have its associated contextual information captured.

– Tags: Any Wi-Fi tag attached to a mobile asset and that connects to the WLAN can have its associated contextual information captured

• Cisco Compatible Extensions program for tags: This Cisco program, open to technology partners, helps ensure that RFID tags comply to a predefined format so that the advanced information they send (such as motion, humidity and other parameters) is captured and made available to the rest of the solution, including business applications from other Cisco partners.

• Cisco Unified Wireless Network: This multipurpose network is also the only unified wired and wireless network solution to cost-effectively address the wireless network security, deployment, management, and control issues that businesses face, in addition to providing context-aware mobility.

• Cisco Mobility Services Engine: This platform hosts the Cisco Context-Aware software that captures, stores, and analyzes contextual information from multiple wireless networks.

– RSSI: This technology running on the Cisco Mobility Services Engine can be used for devices and tags that need to be located indoors. It is based on the signal sent from the mobile asset to the different access points deployed in the facilities.

– Chokepoint: Chokepoints use a different frequency from Wi-Fi and are deployed along zones of interest for business applications. They act as exciters for tags that come in a close range of them. These tags, in turn, send a notification over the WLAN to the Cisco Mobility Services Engine, along with the contextual data they have captured.

– TDoA: This technology, which also runs on running on the Cisco Mobility Services Engine, is used in association with TDoA receivers that are placed outdoors or in the challenging RF environments in which some mobile assets must be located.

– Sensor data: This type of data depends on the sensor capabilities. The information is sent over the WLAN and captured by the Cisco Context-Aware software module thanks to the Cisco compatible format.

• Cisco open API: Once all the contextual information has been captured, calculated and stored by the Context-Aware software module, it can be made available to any business application that needs it through the Cisco open API, which is based on Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) and XML protocol. Access to this API is available to any Cisco technology partner and allows a full integration into the business processes of customers.

The Cisco Context-Aware Mobility Solution offers a broad range of wireless technologies that deliver solutions to variety of business problems and also act as a platform that is open to any type of mobile asset and any type of business applications deployed on the premises of a Cisco customer. It is an adaptive, agile, and intelligent Service-Oriented Network Architecture (SONA) solution that delivers a superior end-user experience and enables significant efficiency for businesses. To support this approach, Cisco Services and Cisco Wireless LAN Specialized Partners offer a wide variety of specialized networking services and support services is available to help deliver customized and reliable context aware solutions.

How Context-Aware Mobility Helps Businesses

The Cisco Context-Aware Mobility Solution provides real-time answers to questions that are critical to business success. Just as a search engine helps users by shortening the time needed to find relevant information on the Web, context-aware mobility helps businesses by allowing them to find the information they need right away. Business processes can thus anticipate what mobile workers will need proactively.

The most frequent questions workers and businesses come across can be classified into five categories, each associated with a different type of business application (Figure 4).

Figure 4. Business Applications Associated with Context-Aware Mobility

Is It Here?-Zone or Inventory Management

Zone or inventory management applications interfacing with the Cisco Context-Aware Mobility Solution will be able to define zones and monitor the mobile assets entering and exiting the area. They are widely used in several industries:

• Hospitals use these applications to know which caregivers are in the building and thus on duty, to ensure that there is always attendance in emergency rooms, or to count the number of wheelchairs in a storage room. This translates directly into a faster reaction to emergency situations, a better optimization of human resources, and a maximum utilization of medical equipment.

• In the retail space, knowing when a consumer enters a certain department makes it possible to target the selection of the promotions to send the consumer's mobile device.

• Universities use zone management to automate class attendance and help ensure that no student is left in the building in case of emergency evacuation.

• Automobile dealers or expedited delivery companies can use inventory management to determine at any moment how many and which cars or delivery vans are available in certain parking spaces. In this way, they can more accurately manage resources and achieve greater customer satisfaction.

Where Is It?-Asset Tracking

Asset tracking applications interfacing with the Cisco Context-Aware Mobility Solution can help locate a mobile asset anywhere in the campus. This is needed for the recovery of lost equipment and for timely coordination.

• In a factory plant, work-in-progress pieces that need to be assembled can rapidly be located when needed. The result is that factories avoid slow-downs in the delivery of finished goods, increasing both responsiveness and avoiding penalties.

• In a hospital, a nurse can use asset tracking to locate the closest infusion pump to administer a medication to a patient. This results in an improved patient care and a more efficient use of the time of highly skilled workers.

• In retail stores, the closest and more expert employee can be located to advise a customer on a specific product and help him or her make the right purchase.

What Is Its Condition?-Condition Tracking

Condition tracking applications interfacing with the Cisco Context-Aware Mobility Solution can monitor the environmental conditions that an asset is subject to by measuring parameters such as temperature, humidity, pressure, and many more. Perishable goods can be thus be monitored during transportation or storage, and alerts sent when these conditions are not within acceptable ranges.

• For hospitals, condition tracking can prevent the waste of expensive medications and help ensure maximum efficiency in patient treatment.

• In retail stores, consumers will be more likely to find fresh products, and merchants can avoid waste that undermines profitability.

• In factories, complex production processes where equipment or chemicals have to stay within predefined conditions can be monitored more closely so that corrective actions are taken as soon as a negative trend is noticed. Plants gain more consistent quality in their finished goods and a better cost control.

What Is the User's Status?-Presence

Presence applications interfacing with the Cisco Context-Aware Mobility Solution will use people's location information to automate presence status in unified communications applications.

• When a corporate employee is in a meeting room, he or she will be shown as "In a meeting" in all associated collaboration tools without any manual intervention. Co-workers can then use e-mail or instant messaging to communicate instead of an intrusive phone call.

• In the same manner, healthcare organizations can prevent surgeons from being disturbed while in surgery, and they can place the names of other caregivers higher in the list of available resources.

Where Is It in My Network?-Network Location Services

Network location applications interfacing with the Cisco Context-Aware Mobility Solution can automatically optimize the wireless network resources where they are needed most. Locating rogue devices, interference, or dense usage areas can save the IT team significant time and provide the insight necessary to determine the right actions from the network perspective. The benefits of maximizing the use of network resources are numerous: reduction in troubleshooting time, more IT resources available, delivery of a best-in-class network experience to end-users, and lowering the total cost of ownership (TCO). Historical usage patterns can also be studied prior to introducing any new capabilities in the network and to help make for smooth adoption.

Summary

Over the last few years, technical progress in the capture and analysis of data about mobile assets has made context-aware mobility a reality. This technology has the potential to completely revolutionize the way corporations look at their business and to transform the experience of mobile workers. Unprecedented levels of productivity, efficiency, and collaboration can be reached. But to truly benefit from a pervasive context-aware solution, several conditions must be met.

First, using the network as a platform and converging different wireless technologies is critical to automating data collection and ensuring compliance with business needs. This will also help lower the total cost of ownership for companies by reusing their existing IT wireless infrastructure. Second, identifying the best technical ways to track data at the mobile-asset level will also greatly influence the relevance and comprehensiveness of the data collected. Several options are available, and in most cases, a mix of techniques is required. Finally, making this contextual information available to the rest of the business in a timely and simple manner is crucial to ensuring a fast adoption and allowing corporations to reap the benefits of context awareness.

Once deployed, a context-aware mobility solution provides answers to many questions that businesses face every day. Getting answers to these questions is crucial for making informed decisions and staying competitive. Every worker in the corporation using business or collaboration applications will be able to benefit from a working environment that is more "mobile user friendly." Workers will be able to increase their productivity by having access to the right people, through the right tool, at the right time.

For More Information

For more information about the Cisco Context-Aware Mobility Solution, visit: http://www.cisco.com/go/contextaware

As a Cisco technology partner, find more information on the Cisco open API at: http://www.cisco.com/pcgi-bin/dev_support/access_level/product_support

For more information about the Cisco Mobility Services Engine, go to: http://www.cisco.com/go/mse

For more information about the Cisco Unified Wireless Network, visit: http://www.cisco.com/go/wireless

For more information about the Cisco Services, visit: http://www.cisco.com/go/wirelessservices

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Survey & Construction Newsletter, Late December - GPS Survey & Construction

Survey & Construction Newsletter, Late December - GPS Survey & Construction: "

Dec 18, 2008 By: Eric Gakstatter GPS World

2009 – The Year of the Other GNSS

Being December, it’s time for my look into next year. It’s become somewhat of a tradition for me and this year is no different. What does 2009 have in store for the GNSS user?

GPS will push forward in 2009 with the launch of the two remaining IIR-M satellites and launch of the first IIF satellite which will, incidentally, introduce a new civil frequency, L5, to the world. Those are very important milestones, but is it enough to grab the headline as the 2009 GNSS of the Year?

Nope.

It’s been a couple of years since I published a column titled “GLONASS — the Comeback Kid”.

Indeed, at that point the GLONASS program was building steam, albeit slowly. The problem was that although the Russian government was launching six satellites a year, there were still many legacy GLONASS satellites that were being decommissioned. The launch rate was barely keeping up with the rate of attrition. For this reason the GLONASS constellation has fluctuated between 10 and 14 operational satellites for many years. That is changing. In 2009, GLONASS will reach heights we’ve not experienced before.

With almost all of the legacy GLONASS satellites decommissioned and the Russians still launching new GLONASS satellites at a rate of six per year, it won’t be long before the GLONASS constellation starts to look really, really good. Currently, there are 17 operational GLONASS satellites and three more are scheduled to launch later this month on their annual Christmas Day present to the GNSS world. Assuming the Russians bring them online within 60 days or so after launch, you’ll have 20 GLONASS satellites at your disposal in the first quarter of 2009. There are still some adjustments forthcoming to the constellation due to legacy satellites, according to Sergey Revnivykh of the Russian Space Agency (RSA), so “18 satellites in January/February is nominal.” In other words, we’ll have 20 with a possibility of it dropping to 18.

Even with 17, the benefits are shining bright for RTK users. Nothing illustrates this better than a couple of plots using mission planning software (provided by Trimble Navigation free of charge via website). These plots are based on my location in Portland, OR USA using an elevation mask of 10 degrees.

Figure 1: Satellite visibility chart based on using GPS satellites only (plot date is Dec. 15, 2008).

Figure 2: Satellite visibility chart based on using GPS and GLONASS satellites (plot date is Dec. 15, 2008).

The evolution of GLONASS isn’t a complete surprise. GLONASS was declared operational in 1993, the same year as GPS. However, Russia’s political and economic struggles relegated GLONASS to the back burner and the program began a long, steady decline to a skeleton of what it once was. At its lowest point, in 2002, there were only eight operational satellites.

As Russia’s economic and political climate stabilized (some say that oil has contributed largely to the revitalization of GLONASS), Russia brought the GLONASS program back to the front burner in 2001 when it announced an ambitious plan to revitalize the program by 2010. The plan was to fly 30 GLONASS satellites by 2010.

As with many long-term plans, especially a multi-year, publicly financed plan to spend billions, the devil is in the details . . . and execution is the devil. Well, nearly eight years later, the Russians seem to have executed their plan quite well. It wasn’t an easy road with quick results, either. As I mentioned above, the attrition rate of GLONASS satellites was high most of this decade, so they had to be very aggressive in developing and launching new satellites just to keep their head above water.

This is not to say there haven’t been any problems along the way. I’ve heard several complaints from users of excessive RTK initialization times that were eventually traced back to troubled GLONASS satellite data. For example, a few months ago Topcon issued a Service Bulletin regarding “GLONASS Satellite 9.” The bulletin states that it is “not (currently) broadcasting a P2 signal. This may have an effect on RTK performance. It may cause the receiver to stay in float for a longer period of time.”

Looking Beyond 2009

I reported in 2007 that Russia was on the path to bringing GLONASS closer to GPS with respect to compatibility. Currently, GPS uses the CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) signal-processing scheme while GLONASS uses the FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) signal-processing scheme. They aren’t compatible at all . . . sort of like CDMA (Sprint) vs. GSM (AT&T) networks for mobile phones. They just don’t work together, so manufacturers essentially have to build two receivers (one for GPS and one for GLONASS) in one box. While it’s impressive that manufacturers have been able to squeeze such amazing functionality into small boxes, it’s a complicated design.

Russia has announced its commitment to support CDMA on the next generation of GLONASS satellites (GLONASS-K). While this will go a long way in making GPS/GLONASS receivers easier/cheaper to design/build, Russia and the U.S. are in discussions to even take it a step further towards interoperability with GPS L5 and the future L1C signal. However, keep in mind the space business works at a different pace than most businesses. It will be well into the next decade before we see any GLONASS satellites broadcasting CDMA signals.

GLONASS funding is also looking pretty solid at this point. Last September, it was announced that Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin signed a budget directive allocating 67 billion rubles (US $2.6 billion) to further develop GLONASS with the majority being steered towards adding satellites. Compare that with the GLONASS budget in 2007 being 9.9 billion rubles ($418.25 million) and 4.7 billion rubles ($200 million) in 2006.

Congratulations

Because of GLONASS’s exceptional value to the survey/construction user community in 2009, GLONASS has indeed earned my vote as GPS World magazine’s award of 2009 GNSS of the Year. Remember, the purpose of this particular column is to look forward into the future instead of a year in review. I believe that in 2009 GLONASS will add even greater value to the survey/construction user than we have ever seen.

5o9 Inc. Software to Power Mobile SaaS

5o9 Inc. Software to Power Mobile SaaS: "S

Software as a Service (SaaS) is efficient, cost-effective and adaptable to business and market changes. Unfortunately, mobile screens, miniature keyboards or immature mobile browsers have limited your options for supporting mobile users to expensive mobile application development strategies.

Context-Aware Mobility
The success of Mobile SaaS, or any mobile web service, hinges upon the strength of the data flowing into and out of your Web applications. Effective mobile SaaS infrastructure should:

• Deliver real-time contextual data to your Web application – who, what & where

• Require minimal data entry by the mobile user – convenience

• Deliver only what the mobile user needs –relevance

• Remain consistent across mobile platforms - in the browser

Retain Control over your Customers & Data 5o9® Context Manager is client-server software. We are not a service or transcoder and are not tied to any carrier. You retain control over your applications, customers and data. Upgrade the Mobile Browser with Context5o9® Context Manager uses the browser to deliver who (user), what (device) and where (location) data from your mobile device directly to your Web server. It enables contextual browser menus, transforming the browser into a Rich Internet Application interface. (Compatibility info*) Uses Open APIs & Industry Standards 5o9® Context Manager delivers real-time contextual data from your mobile device directly to your Web server for use by any SaaS application – simply by using HTTP, CGI, XML, & Mobile SDKs. Like desktop SaaS, it works across multiple platforms and networks – just for mobile. And if you already have an existing mobile application, our Open APIs let you or your development partners efficiently extend it to support new smartphone capabilities such as GPS or sensor connectivity.

VCs Back Location-based Services

VCs Back Location-based Services: "V

VCs Back Location-based Services

Print All Articles Letter to the editor Podcast

on 21 February 2007, 22:00
by sean wolfe

By Sean Wolfe

Location is everything. That rule applies not just to real estate—it’s also what companies and their investors are counting on as the mobile and Internet spaces converge.

One case in point is the recent funding of Eagan, Minnesota-based Gearworks, which recently got $21.4 in a third round of financing from new investors Rho Ventures and Split Rock. The bet there is is that businesses will want to use location-based mobile applications to supervise mobile workforces and field-based activities.

The business case is twofold: Because the applications can be deployed through off-the-shelf cellular phones, carriers realize more revenue per user.In turn, Gearworks realizes returning revenues from its software-as-a-service model.

The company already has three major carriers as partners­—including Verizon Wireless Sprint, and SouthernLinc. Application vendors for Gearworks include software-as-a-service players like Salesforce.com, Points North, and TLMLink.

On the customer front, companies like Pepsi Bottling Group, Select Comfort and Roto-Rooter are using Gearworks’ technologies and services to route deliveries and deploy service workers to customers.

“There are a number of companies that are all focused on building the new mobile Internet, and I think we’re at an inflection point in the market where it’s finally attracting a lot of attention and capital,” noted Todd Krautkremer, Gearworks’ CEO. “Right now, we’re at a place where anybody that has the desire to deliver mobility and location-intelligent mobility to the mass of white, grey, and blue collar workers will be either a collaborator or a potential competitor of ours.”

By that measure, count Airclic, another recently funded firm, as potential competitor or collaborator. The Newtown, Pennsylvania-based firm raised $12.5 million in a third round of funding from JMI Equity along with prior investorsMotorola, and Zon Capital Partners.Airclic’s idea is to equip wireless devices like mobile phones and PDAs with barcode readers, add on global positioning tracking and connect those inputs to their backend systems that allows companies to track who scanned an item, when, and where they were at the time. Again, it’s a software-as-a-service model, and Airclic sees in supply-chain management, service technicians, and retail.

“We’re making the cellular phone into a business tool,” noted Airclic CEO Tim Bradley. “We’re trying to take all those issues keeping companies from adopting this model, by taking away the cost of hardware and the infrastructure. We can deliver it to businesses now for $300 or less per user, and applications can be delivered to a customer over the air, literally in days. Ultimately we think the cell phone will be the main transaction vehicle for customers in the field.”

Both Gearworks and Airclic have managed to attract a healthy amount of attention from venture capitalists. Airclic has raised a total of $23 million to date, and believes this will be its last round.Similarly, Gearworks has managed to attract $56.4 million in total capital, also likely to be the last it needs.

Both companies face execution challenges in terms of rolling out new services to meet customer demands quickly enough, and to that end are using the funds to build out products and sales and marketing teams.

What’s clear is that the the market for handset-based LBS (location based service) applications is likely to grow quickly over the next three years.A recent study by ABI Research notes that worldwide carrier deployments of LBS handset applications will top 144 million subscribers by 2010, with 76 million expected to be deployed within business customer environments.

Topics: Wireless, Location, Sprint, Airclic, Verizon, Bradley, Saas, LBS, Gearworks, Krautkremer